• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous

  2024-03-28

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• LO is a soluble kDa enzyme composed of

  2024-03-28

  

  5-LO is a soluble 78 kDa enzyme, composed of an α-helix-rich catalytic domain and a regulatory β-sheet-rich C2-like domain. Depending on the cell type, 5-LO may be located in the cytosol, in the nucleoplasm, or in both compartments (Werz, 2002). Upon cell stimulation by agents that elevate intracell

• On the contrary evidence also suggests that autophagy plays

  2024-03-28

  

  On the contrary, evidence also suggests that autophagy plays a striking protective role in cancer cells. Highly burgeoning cancer Bufexamac synthesis require cellular building blocks for their metabolism and energy production. At this stage of cancer development, autophagy acts as a friend providin

• 4EGI-1 br The Molecular Machinery of

  2024-03-28

  

  The Molecular Machinery of Autophagy and Regulation by Sphingolipids Sphingolipid-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved stress response that typically promotes survival and antagonizes apoptosis. However, excessive autophagy was found to

• In considering the roles of

  2024-03-28

  

  In considering the roles of these enzymes in normal physiology, given the importance of GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake and glucose-dependent fatty NVP-CGM097 synthesis for systemic metabolic homeostasis (Herman and Kahn, 2006, Herman et al., 2012), deletion of Acly in adipocytes results in a surpris

• Of the many different types of DNA lesions DNA double

  2024-03-28

  

  Of the many different types of DNA lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are amongst the most deleterious. It has been suggested that a single unrepaired DSB may be sufficient to induce cell death (Bennett et al., 1993), whereas misrepaired DSBs can result in loss of genetic information, potentia

• Previous investigations have established that aromatase acti

  2024-03-28

  

  Previous investigations have established that aromatase activity is regulated via two different pathways in a tissue-specific manner. The first is a slower transcription regulatory pathway that involves an alteration in gene transcription and represents what is classically thought of as the way by w

• Although the exact mechanisms are not

  2024-03-28

  

  Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, IGF-1 is tightly linked with ER and estrogen actions and a crosstalk occurs between these two systems in breast cancer. To illustrate this close relationship, studies have identified a synergy between IGF-1 and estrogen in Remodelin expressing

• MiR has already been implicated in the

  2024-03-28

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade we have

  2024-03-27

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify Mizoribine adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilitates

• The following are the supplementary data related to

  2024-03-27

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Funding Work in Dr. Rosell's laboratory is partially supported by a grant from La Caixa Foundation, and an Instituto de Salud Carlos III grant (RESPONSE, PIE16/00011). Work in Dr. Cao's laboratory is partially supported by the Maj

• Axl which belongs to the Tyro Axl

  2024-03-27

  

  Axl, which belongs to the Tyro-Axl-Mer (TAM) family of RTKs, has been reported to regulate a variety of physiological processes including cell survival, proliferation, migration and adhesion, through the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (

• br The embryological and physiological

  2024-03-27

  

  The embryological and physiological roles of ATX ATX is a vital enzyme that is needed for early embryological development. ATX knockout (KO) (ENPP2−/−) embryos die in utero on average at day 9.5 with vascular and neural tube defects [30], [73], [74], [75]. In these mice, malformations in the alla

• NOXA a member of the pro apoptotic B

  2024-03-27

  

  NOXA, a member of the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family, plays a vital role in regulating mitochondrial or inherent apoptotic pathways [7,8]. NOXA binds to MCL-1 with high affinity and interacts with A1 (known as BCL2A1), resulting in BIM release to trigger subsequent apoptosis [9]. In

• Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases

  2024-03-27

  

  Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including

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