• The RING domain was previously considered sufficient to conf

  2019-12-27

  

  The RING domain was previously considered sufficient to confer ubiquitination by RING-type E3 ligases. However, recent reports have shown that sequences closest to the RING domain are also important in E3 ligase function. Residues like Tyr193 in RNF4 [40], Phe296 and Arg294 in BIRC7 [31], and Lys65

• br Introduction Biocatalysis can be used to

  2019-12-26

  

  Introduction Biocatalysis can be used to synthesize chiral building blocks, such as monomers for polymer materials, and precursors for pharmaceuticals [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Enzymes are very suitable for catalyzing reactions with high enantioselectivity to obtain chiral products. For instance, alc

• br Acknowledgement This work was supported

  2019-12-26

  

  Acknowledgement This work was supported by grant form EU (FP7 grant agreement no.: 266033 SPonge Enzyme End Cell for Innovative AppLication-SPECIAL). Introduction Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) have central roles in the synthesis of collagens and the regulation of oxygen homeostasis [1]. The po

• An additional difference in ACC between H contortus and

  2019-12-26

  

  An additional difference in ACC-1 between H. contortus and C. elegans is the results from the oocyte expression experiments. Here we found that unlike Cel-ACC-1 that was reported to form a functional homomeric channel (Putrenko et al., 2005), Hco-ACC-1 does not. However, we have observed that in gen

• br Introduction As a serine proteinase and a sub family

  2019-12-26

  

  Introduction As a serine proteinase and a sub-family of the chymotrypsin-like proteinase, Glutamyl endopeptidase (GE), which is mainly found in Bacillus species, specifically cleaves negatively charged amino PYR-41 residues (Glu/Asp) (Yokoi et al., 2001). Madsen et al. (Madsen & Qvist, 1997) repo

• br Acknowledgement We acknowledge for funding support from M

  2019-12-26

  

  Acknowledgement We acknowledge for funding support from Maryada Foundation, a DoD/Army Contract No. W911NF-06-1-0095, and National Institutes of Health through the New England Center of Excellence for Biodefense (Grant AI057159-01). Introduction The Gram-negative bacterium Lysobacter sp. XL1

• br Experimental Procedures br Author

  2019-12-26

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction The intestinal mucosal barrier surface is constantly exposed to food antigens, beneficial microbes, pathogens, and a multitude of other environmental stimuli (Turner, 2009). Innate lymphoid cotransport (ILCs) are k

• br Conclusions and future directions In recent years we

  2019-12-26

  

  Conclusions and future directions In recent years we saw major advances in our knowledge of H2A-DUB biology, with discovery of novel mammalian H2A-DUBs, better understanding of their biochemical properties, and development of several animal models to address their in vivo functions. However at pr

• The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed

  2019-12-26

  

  The biological significance of DNA ligases is attributed to their function in DNA replication, recombination and/or DNA repair [1], [2]. In vertebrates, three different DNA ligases I, III and IV are recognized. DNA ligase I is essential for the Okazaki fragments’ ligation during lagging-strand DNA s

• Substituents at the C position An

  2019-12-26

  

  Substituents at the C11 position — An oxygen-containing substituent at the C11 position also affects the catalytic activity of Δ1-KSTDs. The Δ1-KSTDs from the Gram-positive bacteria R. equi [29], N. simplex ATCC 6946 and IFO 12069 [48,49,52], and R. rhodochrous IFO 3338 [27] were able to 1(2)-dehydr

• br Rationale Recently we have shown

  2019-12-26

  

  Rationale Recently we have shown that the nasal CysLT2 receptor localized exclusively in blood vessels and the expression level of the CysLT2 receptor in patients with nasal allergy was higher than that in patients with non-allergic rhinitis (Shirasaki et al. Allergol Int 2013). We hypothesized t

• pitavastatin TNF a major cytokine that is

  2019-12-26

  

  TNF-α, a major cytokine that is critical in acute and chronic inflammation, is responsible from chemotaxis, acute phase reactions and endothelial activation (Mahalingam and Karupiah, 1999). Our study showed that TNF-α is increased significantly in the pyelonephritic rats and montelukast displayed an

• In conclusion our work led to the characterization

  2019-12-26

  

  In conclusion, our work led to the characterization of some signalling events of the CysLT1 receptor variants, at several levels, and showed that a punctual serine mutation could alter the response of receptors to cysLTs. Although atopy is a complex phenotype implicating different cell types, mediat

• br Sphingosine kinase One of the enzymes closely related

  2019-12-24

  

  Sphingosine kinase One of the enzymes closely related to DGKs are the sphingosine kinases (SKs). These enzymes catalyze the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SKs and DGKs are closely related lipid kinase in term of basic enzymology and the mechanism of regulation a

• In solid tumors such as those

  2019-12-24

  

  In solid tumors, such as those in breast and pancreatic cancer, infiltrating CD68+ or CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlate with poor outcome (DeNardo et al., 2011, Kurahara et al., 2011, Shabo et al., 2008). The tumor-promoting function of TAMs is based on their capacity to secrete p

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