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Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK
2022-11-05
Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently indu
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br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe
2022-11-04
Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc
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The Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial enrolled patients
2022-11-04
The Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes, proteinuria of at least 0.9 g/24 h, BP >135/85 mmHg and moderate kidney impairment (creatinine 88 to 265 µmol/L in women or 106 to 265 µmol/L in men). Patients were randomized to receive irbesartan (titrated from 75 to
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br AR mediated actions in cells of
2022-11-04
AR-mediated actions in β-Funaltrexamine hydrochloride of the vascular wall Sex hormones may influence the size and composition of atherosclerotic lesions indirectly by modifying systemic cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids profiles and insulin sensitivity; this aspect of their actio
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Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK
2022-11-04
Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 MDL 800 synthesis show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this concurrent incr
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Recently several groups including ours have started
2022-11-04
Recently, several groups, including ours, have started to use the C. elegans multi-dendritic PVD neurons as a model system to dissect the molecular mechanisms of dendrite development. During larval development, PVD elaborates complex and stereotyped dendritic arbors by sequentially adding primary (
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Plant material and growth conditions Arabidopsis
2022-11-04
Plant material and growth conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was grown on a mixture of soil, vermiculite, and perlite (4:2:1) with a 16h light/8h dark BMS 193885 in a temperature-controlled growth room (22°C), unless indicated otherwise. Molecular cloning and plant transformation. T
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In addition we performed Western blot analysis of different
2022-11-04
In addition, we performed Western-blot analysis of different areas of mouse brain with reverse transcriptase against mAck1 (Ureña et al., 2005). The data obtained showed a high rate of expression in neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem (Fig. 4). More moderate levels of expression were
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br Disclaimer br Conflicts of interest br Role of the
2022-11-04
Disclaimer Conflicts of interest Role of the Sponsor Acknowledgements Funding/support: This project was supported by a grant from the Department of Surgery (R5129), Western University and by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Western site. ICES is funded by an annual g
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A contribution of V ATPase subunits specifically to
2022-11-04
A contribution of V-ATPase subunits specifically to phagosome-lysosome fusion was uncovered by Peri and Nüsslein-Volhard who described that depletion of the VO subunit a1 in zebrafish interferes with phagosome maturation in microglial c di gmp (Peri and Nusslein-Volhard, 2008). However, loss of the
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In clinical studies BA has been reported to
2022-11-04
In clinical studies, BA has been reported to promote dose-dependent LDL-C lowering effects of up to 30% as monotherapy, and up to an additional 24% when added in combination with stable statin therapy, or approximately 50% when combined with ezetimibe 109, 110, 111, 112. These effects were accompani
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br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction Over the
2022-11-03
Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction Over the last decade, the most visible strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been amyloid β peptide (Aβ) immunotherapy (reviewed in [1]). Although the first efforts with Aβ immunotherapy failed to complete clinical trials [1], A
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Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD
2022-11-03
Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported
2022-11-03
Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21376172, 21528601 and 21621004) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Contract No. 16JCZDJC32300). Introduction Alzheimer’s disease
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Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs
2022-11-03
Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs participate in a dialog with CD4+ T BIBR 1532 [107–110]. This dialog is mediated, in part, through the expression of type II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) molecules on ILC3s [107]. Depending on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, MHCII:TCR i
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